Antigen cross-presentation Antigen cross-presentation is a critical immunological process that allows exogenous antigens, typically presented via MHC class II to CD4+ T cells, to be presented on MHC class I molecules for recognition by CD8+ Read More
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MHC Assembly and Trafficking The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a critical component of the immune system, essential for the recognition of foreign molecules and the subsequent immune response. MHC molecules are categorized into two Read More
Topics in Immunology Topic Categories ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION BASIC AUTOIMMUNITY CELLULAR ADHESION, MIGRATION, AND INFLAMMATION CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES AND THEIR RECEPTORS HEMATOPOIESIS AND IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY, ASTHMA, AND ALLERGIC RESPONSES IMMUNE MECHANISMS Read More
Five Postdoctoral Positions in USA and Europe Positions in early childhood development, SPATIAL BIOLOGY (-OMICS), Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Arts & Design, and Neural circuits underlying sensorimotor functions. 1. Postdoctoral Research Associate in applied early childhood Read More
Mice Anesthetization Protocols Anesthetizing mice is a common practice in biomedical research for various purposes, including surgery, imaging studies, or the collection of tissues. Several methods are available, including injectable and inhalant anesthetics. 1. Injectable Anesthetics: Read More
SDS-PAGE Gel Preparation 1. Prepare the separation gel (10%). Mix in the following order: H2O 4.1 mL Acrylamide/bis (30% 37.5:1; Bio-Rad) 3.3 mL Tris-HCl (1.5 M, pH 8.8) 2.5 mL SDS, 10% 100 µL N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene-diamine (TEMED) (Bio-Rad) 10 µL Ammonium Read More
Tamoxifen Preparation and Treatment in Mice for Genetic Recombinations Rationale: Tamoxifen is used to kick-start genetic recombinations in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and to activate genes through a cascade of events. Here is a Read More
DNA Quantification using Qubit Fluorometer The Qubit Fluorometer is a device from Thermo Fisher Scientific used to quantify DNA, RNA, and protein in samples by using a fluorescent dye that binds to these molecules. The Read More
DNA Quantification using Nanodrop spectrophotometer The nanodrop spectrophotometer is commonly used to quantify DNA concentration and assess purity. Here is a basic outline of the process: 1. Calibrate the machine: It’s usually done by using Read More
DNA Extraction Protocol in Detail Here is a widely accepted protocol for the extraction of DNA from cells, especially mammalian cells. This method is called the phenol-chloroform extraction method. Materials 1. Cell culture or tissue sample 2. Read More