Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 13 June 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01192-z

T cells have an essential role in immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the mechanisms by which they may provide protective immunity remain poorly understood. This Review explores the knowns and unknowns of T cell immunity in tuberculosis and how recent technologies may inform the design of T cell-targeted TB vaccines.



Summary

This Nature Reviews Immunology article, published June 2025, highlights the crucial yet incompletely understood role of T cells in combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While T cells are essential for immune responses against TB, the precise mechanisms driving their protective immunity remain elusive. The review investigates both established knowledge and unanswered questions surrounding T cell immunity in tuberculosis. Furthermore, it examines how advancements in technology can contribute to developing effective T cell-targeted TB vaccines. Ultimately, the authors advocate for continued research to unlock the potential of T cells in TB prevention and treatment.

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