Defects in antigen processing and presentation: mechanisms, immune evasion and implications for cancer vaccine development



Summary

Defects in antigen processing and presentation (APP) mechanisms are critical for immune surveillance and cancer control. These defects, arising from genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications, or viral interference, prevent the efficient presentation of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on MHC molecules, hindering T cell recognition and killing of cancerous cells. Mechanisms like TAP transporter dysfunction, reduced MHC expression, and proteasome subunit alterations impair APP. This immune evasion significantly impacts cancer progression and limits the efficacy of cancer vaccines. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to overcome APP defects and enhance vaccine-induced T cell responses against tumors.

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