Nature Immunology, Published online: 18 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02275-8

The effector fates of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are epigenetically imprinted early in ontogeny through the selective loss of DNA methylation at signature genes encoding fate-determining regulators — a process that is important for functional diversification of barrier immunity.



Summary

Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) effector fates are epigenetically determined early in development. This process involves the selective removal of DNA methylation at specific genes. These genes encode key regulators that ultimately define the ILC’s function. This epigenetic imprinting is crucial for the diversification of ILCs, enabling them to effectively contribute to barrier immunity. Essentially, the epigenetic landscape shapes the functional specialization of ILCs early on, impacting their ability to defend against pathogens at various body barriers.

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