Nature Immunology, Published online: 29 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02221-8

During late gestation, unconventional intraepithelial αβ T cells migrate from the gut to the mammary gland to remodel the tissue for lactation and enhance its mucosal barrier state.



Summary

In late pregnancy, a specific type of T cell, unconventional intraepithelial αβ T cells, travel from the gut to the mammary gland. This migration is essential for preparing the mammary tissue for lactation. These T cells actively remodel the mammary gland, essentially fine-tuning its structure and function for milk production. Furthermore, their presence strengthens the mammary gland’s mucosal barrier, improving its ability to protect against infection during this vulnerable period of lactation. This highlights a crucial connection between gut immunity and mammary gland development.

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