Humoral determinants of checkpoint immunotherapy



Summary

Humoral factors, like antibodies and complement proteins, play a crucial but often overlooked role in checkpoint immunotherapy efficacy. Beyond T-cell activation, checkpoint inhibitors can influence antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), impacting tumor cell lysis. Pre-existing antibodies against tumor-associated antigens or immunotherapy targets can enhance or hinder treatment response. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines and complement activation products in the tumor microenvironment modulate immune cell recruitment and function, shaping anti-tumor immunity. Understanding the interplay between humoral factors and checkpoint blockade is critical for optimizing therapeutic strategies and predicting patient outcomes.

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