Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 01 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01224-8

B cells that expand following infection with EBV can colonize the brain, where they recruit activated T cells that have potential to cause neuronal damage, thereby providing a mechanism to explain the link between EBV and increased MS risk.



Summary

A Nature Reviews Immunology article published September 1, 2025, highlights a potential link between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS). The study proposes that after EBV infection, certain B cells can migrate to and colonize the brain. These B cells then attract activated T cells. These recruited T cells possess the ability to damage neurons. This suggests a mechanism whereby EBV infection could contribute to the increased risk of developing MS by initiating an immune response within the brain.

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