CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: current challenges and future directions



Summary

CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly for hematologic malignancies, by engineering a patient’s immune cells to target and destroy cancer cells. However, challenges remain. These include managing severe side effects like cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, addressing relapse due to antigen loss or T-cell exhaustion, and expanding efficacy to solid tumors. Future directions focus on developing safer CAR constructs with controlled activation, enhancing CAR-T cell persistence and tumor infiltration, overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and exploring allogeneic “off-the-shelf” CAR-T cells for broader accessibility and reduced manufacturing time. Combination therapies and novel targets are also being investigated to improve outcomes for a wider range of cancers.

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