Hollow atoms are special atoms with multiple missing electrons in their inner shells, while their outer shells are still fully or partially filled with electrons. Studying the production mechanisms, internal structure, and de-excitation properties of these excited-state atoms provides insights into quantum electrodynamics and quantum many-body interactions, with applications in fields such as inner-shell ionization X-ray lasers, high-energy density physics, and molecular imaging.



Summary

Hollow atoms are unique atomic states characterized by vacancies in their inner electron shells, contrasted by the presence of electrons in their outer shells. Researching these exotic atoms allows exploration of fundamental principles in quantum electrodynamics and complex quantum many-body interactions. Understanding how they form, their internal structure, and how they release energy is key. This research holds promise for technological advancements in areas such as X-ray lasers, high-energy density physics, and advanced molecular imaging techniques.

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