Regulatory T cell therapy promotes TGF-β and IL-6-dependent pro-inflammatory Th17 cell generation by reducing IL-2



Summary

Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy, intended to suppress inflammation, can paradoxically trigger inflammatory responses in certain contexts. Research shows that Tregs, while reducing IL-2 levels, can promote the generation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells. This unexpected outcome is driven by a TGF-β and IL-6 dependent mechanism. The reduction in IL-2 by Tregs favors Th17 differentiation, while TGF-β and IL-6 further enhance this process. This highlights the complex interplay between Tregs and other immune cells, suggesting that Treg therapy may not always be universally anti-inflammatory and that careful consideration of the cytokine environment is crucial.

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