Nature Immunology, Published online: 11 August 2025; doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02237-0

CD4+ T cells migrate from the gut and adipose tissue to the brain parenchyma, in mouse and human, transmitting information on diet and microbiome to the subfornical organ, altering feeding behavior.



Summary

A groundbreaking study in Nature Immunology reveals a novel pathway linking diet, gut microbiome, and brain function. CD4+ T cells, originating from the gut and adipose tissue, migrate to the brain parenchyma, specifically the subfornical organ, in both mice and humans. These immune cells carry information about the dietary environment and microbiome composition. This migration directly influences feeding behavior, suggesting a crucial role for the immune system in regulating appetite and energy balance by acting as a conduit between peripheral metabolic signals and central nervous system control of food intake.

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