Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 08 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01219-5

Functional and metabolic properties of innate-like T cells — namely, iNKT cells, MAIT cells and some γδ T cells — differ from those of conventional T cells. This Review describes how metabolic pathways support innate-like T cell properties such as acquisition of effector capability in the thymus, rapid responsiveness, tissue persistence, antigen adaptation and functional flexibility.



Summary

This Nature Reviews Immunology article explores the distinct metabolic properties of innate-like T cells (iNKT, MAIT, and certain γδ T cells) compared to conventional T cells. These specialized immune cells rely on unique metabolic pathways to support their rapid response, tissue residency, and functional adaptability. The review highlights how metabolism fuels crucial innate-like T cell characteristics, including the development of effector functions within the thymus, their ability to adapt to antigens, and their overall functional flexibility in the immune system.

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