Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 07 August 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01207-9

Fifty years ago, Köhler and Milstein introduced the world to hybridoma technology for the generation of monoclonal antibodies. Scientists have subsequently built upon this seminal discovery to develop antibody-based therapies for numerous diseases, with millions of patients benefiting from such drugs. To mark 50 years of monoclonal antibodies, this Review from Chan, Martyn and Carter provides an overview of how antibody engineering strategies have continued to improve antibody-based therapeutics, chiefly focusing on antibody-mediated targeting of B cells and also human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ cancers. The authors also highlight the promise of emerging tools, including artificial intelligence, for development of the next generation of antibody-based therapeutics.



Summary

This Nature Reviews Immunology article commemorates 50 years of monoclonal antibodies, stemming from Köhler and Milstein’s hybridoma technology. Chan, Martyn, and Carter review advancements in antibody engineering for therapeutic applications, particularly targeting B cells and HER2+ cancers. They highlight how these engineered antibodies have revolutionized treatment for millions. The review also emphasizes the potential of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence to further advance the development of future antibody-based therapies, promising even more effective and tailored treatments.

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