Significant Production of Serum and Mucosal Anti-Spike-IgA Antibodies After Vaccine-Encoded or SARS-CoV-2-Infection-Induced Spike-Exposures in Patients with Asthma Treated with Monoclonal Antibodies Compared to Conventional Therapy – Research

Figure 2

Figure 2

Cytokine concentrations in serum and nasal swabs. IL-5, IL-4, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-9, IL-13, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 concentrations (pg/mL) were determined in (A) serum from asthma patients (P1-P18) treated with anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab/benralizumab), other mAb (dupilumab/omalizumab), and conventional therapy (conv) using a bead cytokine array (LegendPlex™ assay). The concentrations levels of IL-5 in serum (B) are specifically depicted. The concentrations of IL-5, IL-4, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-9, IL-13, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 (pg/mL) determined in nasal swabs (C) from asthma patients (P1-P18) treated with anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab/benralizumab), other mAb (dupilumab/omalizumab), and conventional therapy (conv) using a bead cytokine array (LegendPlex™ assay). The concentrations levels of IL-5 in nasal swabs (D) are specifically depicted. Data are represented in (B and D) are shown as median ± interquartile range. Statistical significance is indicated by p-values (Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test).