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Panning for gold: incidentally sequenced DNA – Microbiology Research

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Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 21 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41579-026-01279-x

This Genome Watch explores how large-scale reference genome initiatives offer an unparalleled opportunity to generate sequencing data from under-represented cobionts (organisms sequenced alongside target organisms), including intracellular parasites.



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Endogenous Processes Underlying Clock-Like Mutational Signatures – Research


Wellcome Trust scientists have shown that “mutational signatures” in specific nucleotide contexts accumulate in genomes of mammalian tissues, providing clues to underlying causes of specific signatures. Analysis of cancer genomes has identified more than 50 single-base substitution (SBS) signatures, with SBS1, SBS5, and SBS40 linked to aging and present in normal tissues. SBS1 results from cytosine demethylation, whereas SBS5 and SBS40 arise from unknown endogenous mechanisms. We hypothesized that loss of fragile-site genes drives these two signatures. FHIT, located at FRA3B, is frequently deleted in cancers, and Fhit-deficient mouse tissues exhibit a mutation profile resembling human SBS5. Data mining of cancer genome sequences showed that FHIT/Fra3B was the gene loss most significantly correlated with human SBS5 mutations, likely representing the endogenous molecular process determining SBS5 mutations in soma, germ cells, and cancers, and inversely associated with lifespan in mammals. Exome sequences of Fhit knockout tissues revealed ~1000 SBS1 and ~4000 SBS5 mutations per sample, compared to markedly fewer in wild-type controls. Using SigProfilerAssignment, similar analyses performed with Fhit ko samples where Wwox is also frequently lost identified SBS40c. These findings implicate fragile-site gene inactivation as a major source of clock-like mutational signatures, contributing to lifelong mutation accumulation and potentially influencing aging, evolution, and speciation.


Keywords:

Fhit; Wwox; aging; cancer signatures; fragile sites; germline; mutational signatures.



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Researchers May Have Unlocked the Secret to Treating Sepsis – Science News



Bacteria Magnifying Glass SepsisA new experimental treatment has shown encouraging results in a recent clinical trial, offering new hope against one of medicine’s most challenging conditions. Griffith University scientists have reported encouraging progress toward a new treatment for sepsis after a Phase II clinical trial carried out in China delivered positive results. The study suggests the experimental therapy […]



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Identification of Or5v1/Olfr110 as an oxylipin receptor and anti-obesity target – Research



Or5v1/Olfr110, a high-affinity odor receptor, detects an oxylipin signal to boost liver fat burning and glucose control, and a synthetic agonist can amplify this metabolic benefit.



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James Webb Solves the Mystery of the Universe’s “Little Red Dots” – Science News



Little Red Dots Cosmology AstrophysicsFor years, small red points of light in James Webb images puzzled scientists. New research shows they are young black holes buried inside dense gas clouds, glowing as they consume material. Since the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) began operating, astronomers have been intrigued by small red points appearing in its images of the distant […]



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Postdoctoral Fellowship: biochemistry and molecular biology job with Umeå University – (Jobs)

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Umeå University is one of Sweden’s largest institutions of higher education with over 35,000 students and 4,200 faculty and staff. We are characterised by world-leading research in several scientific fields and a multitude of educations ranked highly in international comparison. Recent breakthroughs at Umeå University include deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 system and its repurposing into a tool for genome editing, a method developed at Umeå University that was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

The host lab is located within the cross-disciplinary Chemical Biological Centre (https://www.umu.se/en/kbc) at Umeå University and is affiliated with the national Centre of Excellence – Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) (https://www.umu.se/en/ucmr/). The labs are fully equipped for biological and chemical research with access to excellent facilities and state-of-the-art equipment and platforms in a creative, inspiring, international and highly interactive environment. Facilities include Protein Expertise Platform, X-ray, proteomics, NMR (850-400 MHz), cryo-EM and Biochemical Imaging Centre (confocal, SIM, FLIM, spinning disk, TIRF, STORM). Learn more about life science research at Umeå University (Video).

Project description

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-eating process mainly purposed to eliminate or recycle dysfunctional cellular organelles or unused proteins. Autophagy plays an important role in development and ageing and has been associated with diverse human diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration and pathogen infection. Emerging evidence shows that autophagy machinery also plays a role in several autophagy-independent processes. These “noncanonical” autophagy (CASM) pathways occur independent of part of the core autophagy machinery and play an important role in immune regulation and inflammation, modulation of the host-pathogen interaction, regulation of neuronal signaling and anti-cancer immunity.

Using a combination of cell biology, structural biology and chemical genetic approaches, we have elucidated fundamental mechanisms underlying autophagosome formation. Our laboratory has elaborated a novel mode of action for virulent bacteria (Legionella pneumophila, Vibrio cholerae) affecting host autophagy (eLife 2017, JCS 2021, JCB 2022). We have identified novel chemotypes for autophagy modulation and new cellular pathways involved in autophagy regulation (Angew Chem 2017, Nat Chem Biol 2019, Autophagy 2021, Angew Chem 2022). Recently, we have made new findings in CASM. We identified the novel lysosomal targeting compound Inducin and ESCRT-III targeting compound Tantalosin that induce CASM (ChemBioChem 2023, PNAS 2024). We discovered a new pathway, the sphingomyelin-TECPR1-induced ATG8 lipidation (STIL) pathway and TECPR1-ATG5–ATG12 as a new E3-like ligase for ATG8 lipidation in CASM, and their function in lysosomal membrane repair (EMBO Rep 2023, EMBO J 2026). This project will combine biochemical, cell biological and novel chemical approaches to understand molecular mechanisms of canonical and noncanonical autophagy. The techniques used in the project include protein expression and purification, biochemical characterization, in vitro reconstitution, peptide synthesis, cell imaging, western blotting, and knock-out/down.

The project is interdisciplinary with strong collaborations across scientific disciplines. The 2-year fellowship (720 000 SEK) is tax-exempt with start as soon as possible.

Qualifications

To qualify as a postdoctoral fellowship holder, the postdoctoral fellow is required to have completed a doctoral degree or a foreign degree deemed equivalent to a doctoral degree in biochemistry, chemical biology, molecular biology, cell biology, or in another relevant field. This qualification requirement must be fulfilled no later than at the time of the decision about fellowship recipient, but we welcome applications from candidates who are in the process of obtaining their doctoral degree.

Preference should be given to applicants who received their degree no more than three years before the end of the application period. Applicants who received their doctoral degree earlier may be considered in special circumstances. Special circumstances include absence due to illness, parental leave, clinical practice, elected positions in trade unions, or similar circumstances.

The successful candidate is expected to independently further their own studies but also be in close collaboration with other members of the team. Independence and good ability to collaborate are therefore requirements. Good command of written and spoken English is also a requirement.

Experiences in protein expression and purification, molecular cloning, membrane biochemistry, in vitro reconstitution, protein/peptide chemistry, cell imaging, western blotting, and/or knock-out/down are strong merits, as is a good record of research publication.

Application

The application should include:

  1. A Curriculum Vitae
  2. A motivation letter including research interests, qualifications, and motivation for applying (max 2,000 characters with space)
  3. A publication list including both published papers and preprints with web/DOI
  4. Names and contact details of at least two references
  5. A verified copy of doctoral degree certificate or documentation that attests when the doctoral degree is expected to be obtained
  6. Other documents that the applicant wishes to claim.

Submit your application as a single PDF marked with the “Postdoc application” in the subject field of the email, to yaowen.wu@umu.se. Application deadline is 29 March 2026.

For more information, please contact Prof. Yaowen Wu, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University: https://www.umu.se/en/research/groups/yaowen-wu/ 



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Twisting a Crystal at the Nanoscale Changes How Electricity Flows – Science News



3D Nanostructure Sculpted With Focused Ion Beam CloseScientists have shown that twisting a crystal at the nanoscale can turn it into a tiny, reversible diode, hinting at a new era of shape-engineered electronics. Researchers at the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, working with collaborators, have created a new technique for building three-dimensional nanoscale devices directly from single crystals. The approach uses […]



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Research Associate – (Jobs/Scholarships)



University of Leicester – Healthcare<br />Salary: £39,906 to £46,049 per annum, pro-rata if part-time. Grade 7



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TGF-β-YY1 signaling as a key driver of immune evasion in pancreatic cancer: Therapeutic implications – Research


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma, profound immune suppression, and resistance to conventional therapeutics. Poor patient outcomes are driven by resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy arising from both tumor-intrinsic and microenvironmental mechanisms. Elucidating the molecular pathways underlying therapeutic failure is therefore critical. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a central regulator of PDAC progression, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), stromal remodeling, immune exclusion, and checkpoint activation at advanced disease stages. The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a critical downstream integrator and amplifier of TGF-β-driven signaling programs. YY1 reinforces EMT, metabolic adaptation, and immune evasion through transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional regulations. Several key immune modulators of immune evasion include PD-L1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, FOXP3, and pro-tumoral chemokines. The coordinated TGF-β-YY1 signaling suppresses CD8 cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell functions, promotes regulatory T (Treg) cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and establishes an immune-cold, therapy-resistant tumor microenvironment. This review explores the mechanistic basis of the TGF-β-YY1 cross-talk regulation in the immune evasion of PDAC. It also discusses emerging therapeutic opportunities in targeting the TGF-β-YY1 axis to overcome immune escape and improve treatment outcomes in PDAC.


Keywords:

Immune evasion; PDAC; RKIP; TGF- β; Targeted therapy; YY1.



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Pancreatic Cancer Sends Secret Signals That Sabotage Immune Cells – Science News



Ultrasound Cancer Treatment TargetResearchers have uncovered a stealthy way pancreatic cancer disarms the immune system, using tiny molecular messengers to turn defenders into allies. Researchers at Georgetown’s Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified a surprising way pancreatic cancer cells influence the immune system. Their work shows that cancer cells release microscopic particles containing specific microRNA molecules that alter […]



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