As essential DNA organizing proteins within the nucleus, histones and their modification can influence chromatin structure and gene expression.



Summary

Histones are key proteins responsible for organizing DNA inside the nucleus. By wrapping DNA around them, they form chromatin, the structural unit of chromosomes. Crucially, histones are subject to modifications. These histone modifications, such as acetylation or methylation, directly impact chromatin structure – influencing whether DNA is tightly packed (condensed) or more loosely arranged (accessible). Consequently, these modifications play a vital role in regulating gene expression, determining which genes are turned “on” or “off” within a cell. Understanding histone modification is crucial for comprehending how genes are controlled.

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